# Rust fast `&[u8]` to integer parser

[![Crate](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/atoi_simd.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/atoi_simd)
[![API](https://docs.rs/atoi_simd/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/atoi_simd)

SIMD (fast) parsing is supported on x86_64 (SSE4.1, AVX2) and on Arm64 (aarch64, Neon), but this library works even if you don't have SIMD supported cpu (and it will be still faster than str::parse).

Supports negative values and validates the input.

Supported output types: u8, i8, u16, i16, u32, i32, u64, i64, u128, i128, usize, isize.

Has good test coverage, and can be considered safe.

To enable SIMD it needs the `target-feature` or `target-cpu` flags set, or it will fallback to non-SIMD functions.
You can copy the `./.cargo/config.toml` to your project, or use one of the following environment variables:

-   `RUSTFLAGS="-C target-feature=+sse2,+sse3,+sse4.1,+ssse3,+avx,+avx2"` for x86_64

-   `RUSTFLAGS="-C target-feature=+neon"` for Arm64

-   `RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native"` will optimize for your current cpu

For Windows PowerShell you can set it with `$Env:RUSTFLAGS='-C target-feature=+sse2,+sse3,+sse4.1,+ssse3,+avx,+avx2'`

By default the `target-feature` is set in `./.cargo/config.toml`, but seems like it works only inside this project.

If you have `&str` then use `.as_bytes()`

Supports `no_std` with `--no-default-features`

Got the idea from [here](https://rust-malaysia.github.io/code/2020/07/11/faster-integer-parsing.html) ([source](https://github.com/pickfire/parseint)).

## Examples

```
let val: u64 = atoi_simd::parse(b"1234").unwrap();
assert_eq!(val, 1234_u64);

assert_eq!(atoi_simd::parse::<i64>(b"-2345"), Ok(-2345_i64));

assert_eq!(atoi_simd::parse_until_invalid::<u64>(b"123something_else"), Ok((123_u64, 3)));

// a drop-in replacement for `str::parse`
assert_eq!(atoi_simd::parse_skipped::<u64>(b"+000000000000000000001234"), Ok(1234_u64));
```

## Benchmarks

You can run `cargo bench` from `bench` folder on your machine (or individually with `cargo bench -- "parse u64"`)

### Results

More information you can find [here](https://rodmitry.github.io/atoi_simd_benchmark).

<details open><summary>v0.15.2</summary>

<b>Rust 1.73</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![benchmark 64](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%2064/report/lines.svg)

![benchmark 128](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%20128/report/lines.svg)

#### `parse::<u64>()`

![parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%2064/parse%20u64/report/lines.svg)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%2064/str%20u64/report/lines.svg)

#### `parse::<i64>()`

![parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%2064/parse%20i64/report/lines.svg)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%2064/str%20i64/report/lines.svg)

#### `parse::<u128>()`

![parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%20128/parse%20u128/report/lines.svg)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%20128/str%20u128/report/lines.svg)

#### `parse::<i128>()`

![parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%20128/parse%20i128/report/lines.svg)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/RoDmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/raw/v0.15.2/benchmark%20128/str%20i128/report/lines.svg)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.14.5</summary>

<b>Rust 1.72</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![benchmark 64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%2064/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

![benchmark 128](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%20128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<u64>()`

![parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%2064/parse%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%2064/str%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<i64>()`

![parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%2064/parse%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%2064/str%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<u128>()`

![parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%20128/parse%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%20128/str%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<i128>()`

![parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%20128/parse%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.5/benchmark%20128/str%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.14.4</summary>

<b>Rust 1.72</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![benchmark 64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%2064/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

![benchmark 128](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%20128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<u64>()`

![parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%2064/parse%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%2064/str%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<i64>()`

![parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%2064/parse%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%2064/str%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<u128>()`

![parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%20128/parse%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%20128/str%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<i128>()`

![parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%20128/parse%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.14.4/benchmark%20128/str%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.10.1</summary>

<b>Rust 1.67.1</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![benchmark 64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%2064/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

![benchmark 128](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%20128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<u64>()`

![parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%2064/u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::\<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%2064/str%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<i64>()`

![parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%2064/i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::\<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%2064/str%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<u128>()`

![parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%20128/u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::\<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%20128/str%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse::<i128>()`

![parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%20128/i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::\<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.10.1/benchmark%20128/str%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.4-v0.5</summary>

<b>Rust 1.63</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![benchmark 64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%2064/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

![benchmark 128](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%20128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_u64()`

![parse() u64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%2064/u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%2064/std%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i64()`

![parse_i64()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%2064/i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%2064/std%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_u128()`

![parse_u128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%20128/u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%20128/std%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i128()`

![parse_i128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%20128/i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.4.0/benchmark%20128/std%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.3.0</summary>

<b>Rust 1.63</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![all](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse()` u64

![parse() u64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/std%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i64()`

![parse_i64()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/std%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_u128()`

![parse_u128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/std%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i128()`

![parse_i128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.3.0/std%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.2.1</summary>

<b>Rust 1.63</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![all](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse()` u64

![parse() u64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/std%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i64()`

![parse_i64()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/std%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_u128()`

![parse_u128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/std%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i128()`

![parse_i128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.1/std%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.2.0</summary>

<b>Rust 1.63</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set

![all](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse()` u64

![parse() u64](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u64>()`

![str::parse::<u64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/std%20u64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i64()`

![parse_i64()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i64>()`

![str::parse::<i64>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/std%20i64/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_u128()`

![parse_u128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<u128>()`

![str::parse::<u128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/std%20u128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `parse_i128()`

![parse_i128()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

#### `str::parse::<i128>()`

![str::parse::<i128>()](https://github.com/rodmitry/atoi_simd_benchmark/blob/v0.2.0/std%20i128/report/lines.svg?raw=true)

</details>

<details><summary>v0.1.x</summary>

### What was noticed

-   It's around <b>7 times faster than the standard parse</b> (for long string, Rust 1.60)
-   The performance is constant (the same) for strings of different lengths

<details open><summary><b>Rust 1.63</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set</summary>

This one became faster on Rust 1.63:

```
long string std u64                  1234567890123456
                        time:   [9.0293 ns 9.0843 ns 9.1661 ns]
                        change: [-0.6548% +0.8424% +2.3425%] (p = 0.29 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 8 outliers among 100 measurements (8.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  6 (6.00%) high severe
```

This one became even slover. I reran it (with rebuild) multiple times - same result:

```
long string negative std i64         -1234567890123456
                        time:   [17.554 ns 17.607 ns 17.667 ns]
                        change: [-1.6112% -0.2132% +1.5620%] (p = 0.80 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 6 outliers among 100 measurements (6.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe
```

```
long string u64                      1234567890123456
                        time:   [1.9273 ns 1.9346 ns 1.9424 ns]
                        change: [-2.3999% -0.4986% +1.2253%] (p = 0.62 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 5 outliers among 100 measurements (5.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe
```

```
long string i64                      1234567890123456
                        time:   [2.3258 ns 2.3357 ns 2.3468 ns]
                        change: [-2.1695% -0.4296% +1.3102%] (p = 0.65 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 6 outliers among 100 measurements (6.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
```

```
long string negative i64             -1234567890123456
                        time:   [2.5319 ns 2.5439 ns 2.5607 ns]
                        change: [-2.0344% -0.3167% +1.5650%] (p = 0.75 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 8 outliers among 100 measurements (8.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  7 (7.00%) high severe
```

```
short string std u64                       1
                        time:   [2.3305 ns 2.3462 ns 2.3656 ns]
                        change: [-4.1262% -1.9850% +0.2412%] (p = 0.07 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 7 outliers among 100 measurements (7.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  6 (6.00%) high severe
```

```
short string negative std i64              -1
                        time:   [3.7983 ns 3.8177 ns 3.8402 ns]
                        change: [-1.4979% -0.0694% +1.5137%] (p = 0.94 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 9 outliers among 100 measurements (9.00%)
  5 (5.00%) high mild
  4 (4.00%) high severe
```

```
short string u64                           1
                        time:   [2.0024 ns 2.0097 ns 2.0184 ns]
                        change: [-3.4351% -1.3017% +0.5198%] (p = 0.22 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 3 outliers among 100 measurements (3.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  2 (2.00%) high severe
```

```
short string i64                           1
                        time:   [2.4245 ns 2.4356 ns 2.4499 ns]
                        change: [-2.9298% -1.3203% +0.3535%] (p = 0.12 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 9 outliers among 100 measurements (9.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  6 (6.00%) high severe
```

```
short string negative i64                  -1
                        time:   [2.5191 ns 2.5233 ns 2.5285 ns]
                        change: [-2.8014% -0.9235% +0.7916%] (p = 0.35 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 8 outliers among 100 measurements (8.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  6 (6.00%) high severe
```

### Bonus 15 chars benchmarks:

```
15 chars string std u64              123456789012345
                        time:   [8.4146 ns 8.4352 ns 8.4604 ns]
                        change: [-2.5855% -1.0348% +0.5767%] (p = 0.21 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 7 outliers among 100 measurements (7.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string negative std i64     -123456789012345
                        time:   [10.268 ns 10.331 ns 10.415 ns]
                        change: [-0.7653% +0.9929% +2.7733%] (p = 0.30 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 13 outliers among 100 measurements (13.00%)
  7 (7.00%) high mild
  6 (6.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string u64                  123456789012345
                        time:   [1.8990 ns 1.9042 ns 1.9103 ns]
                        change: [-1.8510% -0.3256% +0.9332%] (p = 0.70 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 6 outliers among 100 measurements (6.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  4 (4.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string i64                  123456789012345
                        time:   [2.3780 ns 2.3831 ns 2.3892 ns]
                        change: [-2.1490% -0.6463% +0.8095%] (p = 0.41 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 9 outliers among 100 measurements (9.00%)
  5 (5.00%) high mild
  4 (4.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string negative i64         -123456789012345
                        time:   [2.5323 ns 2.5445 ns 2.5589 ns]
                        change: [-2.8686% -0.9755% +0.9693%] (p = 0.34 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 7 outliers among 100 measurements (7.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
```

</details>

<details><summary><b>Rust 1.60</b>, Windows 10, Intel i7 9700K, "target-feature" set</summary>

```
long string std u64                  1234567890123456
                        time:   [15.136 ns 15.172 ns 15.220 ns]
                        change: [-1.0266% +1.4318% +4.7776%] (p = 0.42 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 14 outliers among 100 measurements (14.00%)
  1 (1.00%) low severe
  1 (1.00%) low mild
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  9 (9.00%) high severe
```

When parsing to `i64` (standard `.parse::<i64>()`) it's somehow faster rather then `u64` (`.parse::<u64>()`)

```
long string negative std i64         -1234567890123456
                        time:   [12.451 ns 12.468 ns 12.489 ns]
                        change: [-2.8201% -1.8197% -0.9578%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Change within noise threshold.
Found 15 outliers among 100 measurements (15.00%)
  2 (2.00%) low mild
  5 (5.00%) high mild
  8 (8.00%) high severe
```

```
long string u64                      1234567890123456
                        time:   [2.1173 ns 2.1212 ns 2.1254 ns]
                        change: [-1.7643% -0.7705% +0.0464%] (p = 0.11 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 3 outliers among 100 measurements (3.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high severe
```

```
long string i64                      1234567890123456
                        time:   [2.0971 ns 2.1018 ns 2.1083 ns]
                        change: [-1.4917% -0.3822% +0.4114%] (p = 0.53 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 16 outliers among 100 measurements (16.00%)
  3 (3.00%) low mild
  5 (5.00%) high mild
  8 (8.00%) high severe
```

```
long string negative i64             -1234567890123456
                        time:   [2.1659 ns 2.1689 ns 2.1729 ns]
                        change: [-1.8464% -0.6673% +0.2406%] (p = 0.25 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 12 outliers among 100 measurements (12.00%)
  4 (4.00%) low mild
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  7 (7.00%) high severe
```

```
short string std u64                       1
                        time:   [2.7282 ns 2.7315 ns 2.7355 ns]
                        change: [-0.3423% +0.5560% +1.4297%] (p = 0.25 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 16 outliers among 100 measurements (16.00%)
  6 (6.00%) high mild
  10 (10.00%) high severe
```

```
short string negative std i64              -1
                        time:   [3.4122 ns 3.4210 ns 3.4304 ns]
                        change: [-0.4427% +0.2415% +1.0592%] (p = 0.57 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 4 outliers among 100 measurements (4.00%)
  1 (1.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe
```

```
short string u64                           1
                        time:   [2.0971 ns 2.0989 ns 2.1014 ns]
                        change: [-0.4568% +0.1569% +0.7932%] (p = 0.63 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 16 outliers among 100 measurements (16.00%)
  2 (2.00%) low mild
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  12 (12.00%) high severe
```

This one must be a little lower, around 2.3 ns

```
short string i64                           1
                        time:   [2.6629 ns 2.6704 ns 2.6789 ns]
                        change: [-0.2341% +0.4340% +0.9879%] (p = 0.19 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 6 outliers among 100 measurements (6.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  4 (4.00%) high severe
```

```
short string negative i64                  -1
                        time:   [2.3049 ns 2.3077 ns 2.3115 ns]
                        change: [-0.8049% -0.1058% +0.5989%] (p = 0.79 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 16 outliers among 100 measurements (16.00%)
  5 (5.00%) low mild
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  8 (8.00%) high severe
```

### Bonus 15 chars benchmarks:

```
15 chars string std u64              123456789012345
                        time:   [14.314 ns 14.347 ns 14.386 ns]
                        change: [+0.5781% +1.5775% +3.0108%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Change within noise threshold.
Found 10 outliers among 100 measurements (10.00%)
  7 (7.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string negative std i64     -123456789012345
                        time:   [11.797 ns 11.869 ns 11.952 ns]
                        change: [-2.0623% -0.8216% +0.4470%] (p = 0.21 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 11 outliers among 100 measurements (11.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  8 (8.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string u64                  123456789012345
                        time:   [1.8545 ns 1.8559 ns 1.8576 ns]
                        change: [-1.0279% -0.3076% +0.3114%] (p = 0.40 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 16 outliers among 100 measurements (16.00%)
  3 (3.00%) low mild
  4 (4.00%) high mild
  9 (9.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string i64                  123456789012345
                        time:   [2.3638 ns 2.3734 ns 2.3825 ns]
                        change: [-1.8528% -0.7356% +0.2488%] (p = 0.17 > 0.05)
                        No change in performance detected.
Found 4 outliers among 100 measurements (4.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  1 (1.00%) high severe
```

```
15 chars string negative i64         -123456789012345
                        time:   [2.3077 ns 2.3109 ns 2.3152 ns]
                        change: [-1.9844% -1.2570% -0.5860%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Change within noise threshold.
Found 15 outliers among 100 measurements (15.00%)
  3 (3.00%) low mild
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  10 (10.00%) high severe
```

</details>
</details>
