Range-v3 Range algorithms, views, and actions for the Standard Library |

Release Notes

# Version 0.12.0 "Dude, Where's My Bored Ape?"

Released: June 19, 2022

> ‍IMPORTANT: This release deprecates `views::group_by` which was an endless source of confusion. `group_by` is replaced with `views::chunk_by` (which, beware, has subtly different semantics, see below.)

Changes:

- NEW: `views::chunk_by` which, like the old `views::group_by` it replaces, splits a range into a range-of-ranges, where adjacent elements satisfy a binary predicate (#1648). [Note: Whereas `views::group_by` evaluated the predicate between the current element and the first element in the chunk, `views::chunk_by` evaluates the predicate between adjacent elements. – end note]
- NEW: `constexpr` all the algorithms that are `constexpr` in C++20's `std::ranges` (#1683).
- NEW: Fold algorithms from P2322 (#1628), (#1668).
- NEW: `ranges::unformatted_ostream_iterator` (#1586).
- NEW: Support for the `build2` build system (#1562).
- Implement P2328: relax the constraint on `ranges::join_view` to support joining ranges of prvalue non-`view` ranges (#1655).
- Improved algorithm for `ranges::linear_distribute` (#1679).
- Renamed `safe_subrange_t` to `borrowed_subrange_t` (#1542).
- Extend `ranges::to` to support conversion to container-of-containers (#1553).
- `views::enumerate` can be a `borrowed_view` (#1571).
- `ranges::upper_bound` works in the presence of overloaded `operator&` (#1632).
- Input iterators are no longer required to be default-constructible (#1652).

Bugs fixed:

- `ranges::to<std::map>(v)` does not work (#1700)
- `ranges::reverse_iterator` has the wrong `value_type` when reversing a proxy range (#1670).
- A post-increment of a `ranges::counted_iterator` wrapping an input iterator with a `void`-returning post-increment operator isn't incrementing the count (#1664).
- Bad assert in `views::drop_last` (#1599).
- Read of uninitialized `bool` in `views::cache1` (#1610).
- `ranges::unstable_remove_if` calls predicate on same element twice (#1629).
- `ranges::on(f,g)(x...)` should be `f(g(x)...)` instead of `f(g(x...))` (#1661).
- Broken qualification of cmake targets (#1557).
- Various portability and documentation fixes.

Credits: I would like to thank the following people who contributed to this release (in no particular order): Barry Revzin, @dvirtz, Gonzalo Brito, Johel Ernesto Guerrero Peña, Joël Lamotte, Doug Roeper, Facundo Tuesca, Vitaly Zaitsev, @23rd, @furkanusta, Jonathan Haigh, @SmorkalovG, @marehr, Matt Beardsley, Chris Glover, Louis Dionne, Jin Shang (@js8544), Hui Xie, @huixie90, Robert Maynard, Silver Zachara, @sergegers, Théo DELRIEU, @LesnyRumcajs, Yehezkel Bernat, Maciej Patro, Klemens Nanni, Thomas Madlener, and Jason Merrill.

&#127881; Special thanks to Barry Revzin for stepping up to be part-time co-maintainer of range-v3. &#127881;

# Version 0.11.0 "Thanks, ISO"

Released: August 6, 2020

> ‍IMPORTANT: This release removes the heuristic that tries to guess whether a range type

is a "view" (lightweight, non-owning range), in accordance with the C++20. This is a potentially source-breaking change. Code that previously used an rvalue range as the start of a pipeline could stop compiling if the range library is not explicitly told that that range type is a view. To override the new default, please specialize the `ranges::enable_view<R>` Boolean variable template.

> ‍IMPORTANT: This release removes the implicit conversion from views to containers.

To construct a container from an arbitrary range, you must now explicitly use `ranges::to`. For example, the following code no longer works:

> ‍

> {c++}
> std::vector<int> is = ranges::views::ints(0, 10); // ERROR: no conversion

> Instead, please write this as:

> {c++}
> auto is = ranges::views::ints(0, 10) | ranges::to<std::vector>; // OK

> `ranges::to` lives in header `<range/v3/range/conversion.hpp>`

> ‍IMPORTANT: This release drops support for llvm-3.9.

Changes:

- NEW: A new concepts portability layer that short-circuits atomic constraints in `requires` clauses for better compile times when emulating concepts.
- NEW: Restored support for MSVC in `/std:c++17` mode, and for MSVC's default preprocessor.
- Remove the implicit conversion from views to containers.
- Rename the following entities to be consistent with C++20's `std::ranges` support:
  - `safe_range<R>` -> `borrowed_range<R>`
  - `enable_safe_range<R>` -> `enable_borrowed_range<R>`
  - `safe_iterator_t<R>` -> `borrowed_iterator_t<R>`
  - `safe_subrange_t<R>` -> `borrowed_subrange_t<R>`
  - `readable_traits<I>` -> `indirectly_readable_traits<I>`
  - `readable<I>` -> `indirectly_readable<I>`
  - `writable<I>` -> `indirectly_writable<I>`
- Added the following to the `ranges::cpp20` namespace:
  - Algorithm `for_each_n`
  - Algorithm `sample`
  - Class `view_base`
  - Alias `views::all_t`
- Type `__int128` is recognized as "integer-like".
- Adds concepts `three_way_comparable[_with]` when `<=>` is supported.
- Adds concepts `partially_ordered[_with]`.
- Better conformance with C++20's use of the _`boolean-testable`_ concept.
- Support C++20 coroutines.
- Honor CMake's `CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` variable.
- A fix for the cardinality of `views::zip[_with]` (#1486).
- Add `view_interface::data()` member function.
- Add necessary specializations for `std::basic_common_reference` and `std::common_type`.
- Numerous workarounds for MSVC.
- Various CMake fixes and improvements.
- `drop_while_view` is not a `sized_range`.
- Added support for Wind River Systems.
- Bug fixes to `views::group_by` (#1393).
- `common_[reference|type]` of `common_[tuple|pair]` now yields a `common_[tuple|pair]` instead of a `std::[tuple|pair]` (#1422).
- Avoid UB when currying an lvalue in some views and actions (#1320).

Credits: I would like to thank the following people who contributed to this release (in no particular order): Christopher Di Bella, @marehr, Casey Carter, Dvir Yitzchaki, Justin Riddell, Johel Ernesto Guerrero Peña, Barry Revzin, Kamlesh Kumar, and Vincas Dargis.

# Version 0.10.0 "To Err is Human"

Released: Dec 6, 2019.

IMPORTANT: Before upgrading, please note that several older compiler versions and build configurations are no longer supported! In particular, MSVC now needs `/std:c++latest`.

ALSO: When taking a dependency on the `range-v3`, `meta`, or `concepts` libraries via CMake, please now use the namespace qualified target names:

- `range-v3::range-v3`
- `range-v3meta`
- `range-v3::concepts`

Changes:

- NEW: Rewritten concepts portability layer with simpler macros for better diagnostics.
- NEW: The `views::cache1` view caches the most recent value in the range. This can help avoid reevaluation of transformations in complex view pipelines.
- NEW: `ranges::contains` algorithm.
- NEW: `enable_safe_range` trait for opting in to the forwarding-range concept. These are ranges whose iterators remain valid even after the range itself has been destroyed; e.g., `std::string_view` and `ranges::subrange`.
- The `readable` concept has changed such that types that are not indirectly readable with `operator*` (e.g., `std::optional`) no longer satisfy that concept.
- Using `views::join` to join a range of xvalue ranges works again.
- The following range access primitives no longer accept temporary containers (_i.e., they refuse to return references known to be dangling):
  - `range::front`
  - `range::back`
  - `range::at`
  - `range::index`
- `views::concat` with a single argument now simply returns its argument.
- `ranges::ostream_iterator<T>` now coerces arguments to `T` before inserting them into the wrapped ostream.
- Smaller iterators for `views::transform` and `views::take_while`.
- `actions::split` and `actions::split_when` now support partial application and pipelining (#1085).
- `views::group_by` and its iterator both get a `.base()` member to access the underlying range and iterator, respectively.
- Improved diagnostics with clang.
- Assorted bug fixes and compiler work-arounds: #284, #491, #499, #871, #1022, #1043, #1081, #1085, #1101, #1116, #1296, #1305, and #1335.

Many thanks to GitHub users @CaseyCarter, @morinmorin, @h-2, @MichaelWJung, @johelegp, @marehr, @alkino, @xuning97, @BRevzin, and @mpusz for their contributions.

# Version 0.9.1

Released: Sept 1, 2019.

gcc-9.x portability fixes.

# Version 0.9.0 "Std::ranger Things"

Released: Aug 26, 2019.

Bring many interfaces into sync with the C++20 draft.

- NEW: An improved concepts portability layer with macros that use C++20 concepts when the compiler supports them.
- NEW: An improved directory structure that keeps disjoint parts of the library – iterators, ranges, algorithms, actions, views, functional programming support, and general utilities – physically separate.
- NEW: A `RANGES_DEEP_STL_INTEGRATION` configuration option that makes your STL implementation default to structural conformance to infer iterator category, as in C++20. Applies to libc++, libstdc++, and MSVC's Standard Library.
- NEW: A `ranges::cpp20` namespace that contains all the functionality of C++20's `std::ranges` namespace.
- All concept names have been given standard_case (renamed from PascalCase) and have been harmonized with the C++20 draft.
- The following range access customization points no longer accept rvalue ranges by default:
  - `ranges::begin`
  - `ranges::end`
  - `ranges::rbegin`
  - `ranges::rend`
  - `ranges::cbegin`
  - `ranges::cend`
  - `ranges::crbegin`
  - `ranges::crend`
  - `ranges::data`
  - `ranges::cdata`
- Iterators may specify an `iterator_concept` type alias in addition to `iterator_category` – either as a nested type or as a member of a `std::iterator_traits` specialization – to denote conformance to the C++20 iterator concepts as distinct from the C++98 iterator requirements. (See P1037 "Deep Integration of the Ranges TS" for more information.)
- The `ranges::value_type` trait has been renamed to `readable_traits`.
- The `ranges::difference_type` trait has been renamed to `incrementable_traits`.
- The `ranges::iterator_category` trait has been deprecated. Specialize `std::iterator_traits` to non-intrusively specify an iterator's category and (optionally) concept.
- Rename the `ranges::view` namespace to `ranges::views` and `ranges::action` to `ranges::actions` (with deprecated namespace aliases for migration).
- Rename `view::bounded` to `views::common`.
- Rename `unreachable` to `unreachable_sentinel_t`.
- Change `dangling` from a class template that wraps an iterator to a class that acts as a placeholder for an iterator that would otherwise dangle.
- Implement C++20's `subrange` as a view that wraps an iterator/sentinel pair; deprecate `iterator_range`.
- Deprecate implicit conversion from view types to containers; rename `ranges::to_` to `ranges::to` and extend it to support converting a range-of-ranges to a container-of-containers.
- Deprecate the `ranges::v3` inline versioning namespace.

- The following views have had minor changes to bring them into conformance with the C++20 working draft:

  - `join_view`
  - `single_view`
  - `empty_view`
  - `split_view`
  - `reverse_view`
  - `all_view`
  - `take_view`
  - `iota_view`

  `iota_view<std::[u]intmax_t>`, in particular, is given a user-defined `difference_type` that avoids integer overflow.

- New names for the iterator and range type aliases:

  Old Name | New Name
  --- | ---
  `value_type_t` | `iter_value_t`
  `reference_t` | `iter_reference_t`
  `difference_type_t` | `iter_difference_t`
  `size_type_t` | deprecated
  `rvalue_reference_t` | `iter_rvalue_reference_t`
  `range_value_type_t` | `range_value_t`
  `range_difference_type_t` | `range_difference_t`
  `range_size_type_t` | `range_size_t`

# Version 0.5.0

Released: Apr 30, 2019.

- NEW: MSVC support, from @CaseyCarter :tada: (See the docs for the list of supported compilers.)
- NEW: `view::enumerate`, from @MikeGitb
- NEW: `view::addressof`, from @tower120
- NEW: `unstable_remove_if` algorithm and action, from @tower120
- NEW: `adjacent_remove_if` algorithm and action, from @cjdb
- NEW: `ostream_joiner`, from @sv1990
- `view::drop_while` and `view::take_while` get projection support, from @mrpi
- `view::filter` and `view::remove_if` get projection support, from @mrpi
- `view::unique` accepts optional comparison operator, from @tete17
- `action::slice` supports sliding from the end, from @tete17
- Support coroutines on MSVC, from @CaseyCarter
- Faster `view::generate_n`, from GitHub user @tower120
- Improved aligned new detection for libc++ on iOS, from @mtak-
- Various CMake improvements, from @johelegp
- `view_adaptor` supports `basic_iterator`-style mixins, from @tower120
- Fix `ranges::advance` for random-access iterators for `n==0`, from @tower120
- Bugs fixed: #755, #759, #942, #946, #952, #975, #978, #986, #996, #1041, #1047, #1088, #1094, #1107, #1129

# Version 0.4.0

Released: Oct 18, 2018.

- Minor interface-breaking changes:
  - `single_view` returns by `const &` (see #817).
  - `reverse_view` of a non-Sized, non-Bounded RandomAccess range (eg., a null-terminated string) no longer satisfies SizedRange.
  - The `generate` and `generate_n` views now return the generated values by xvalue reference (`T &&`) to the value cached within the view (see #905).
  - Views no longer prefer returning constant iterators when they can; some views have different constant and mutable iterators.
- Enhancements:
  - Views can successfully adapt other views that have different constant and mutable iterators.
  - The `single` and `empty` views are much closer to the versions as specified in P0896.
- Bug fixes:
  - "single_view should not copy the value" #817.
  - "Calling back() on strided range does not return the correct last value in range" #901.
  - "generate(foo) | take(n) calls foo n+1 times" #819.
  - "generate seems broken with move-only return types" #905.
  - "Unexpected behavior in generate with return by reference" #807.
  - "Inconsistent behaviour of ranges::distance with ranges::view::zip using infinite views." #783.
  - "Infinite loop when using ranges::view::cycle with an infinite range" #780.
  - "Composing ranges::view::cycle with ranges::view::slice" #778.
  - "cartesian_product view, now with moar bugs." #919.

# Version 0.3.7

Released: Sept 19, 2018.

- Improved support for clang-cl (thanks to @CaseyCarter).
- Fix for `any_view<T, category::sized | category::input>` (see #869).
- Fix `iter_move` of a `ranges::reverse_iterator` (see #888).
- Fix `move_sentinel` comparisons (see #889).
- Avoid ambiguity created by `boost::advance` and `std::advance` (see #893).

# Version 0.3.6

Released: May 15, 2018.

- NEW: `view::exclusive_scan` (thanks to GitHub user @mitsutaka-takeda).
- All views get non-`const` overloads of `.empty()` and `.size()` (see ericniebler/stl2#793).
- Upgrade Conan support for conan 1.0.
- `subspan` interface tweaks.
- Fix bug in `view::split` (see this stackoverflow question).
- Fix bug in `view::stride` (see ericniebler/stl2#805).
- Fix `const`-correctness problem in `view::chunk` (see this stackoverflow question).
- Replace uses of `ranges::result_of` with `ranges::invoke_result`.
- Fix potential buffer overrun of `view::drop` over RandomAccessRanges.
- Lots of `view::cartesian_product` fixes (see ericniebler/stl2#820, ericniebler/stl2#823).
- Work around gcc-8 regression regarding `volatile` `std::initializer_list`s (see ericniebler/stl2#826).
- Fix `const`-correctness problem of `view::take`.

# Version 0.3.5

Released: February 17, 2018.

- Rvalues may satisfy `Writable` (see ericniebler/stl2#387).
- `view_interface` gets a bounds-checking `at` method.
- `chunk_view` works on Input ranges.
- Fix bug in `group_by_view`.
- Improved concept checks for `partial_sum` numeric algorithm.
- Define `ContiguousIterator` concept and `contiguous_iterator_tag` iterator category tag.
- Sundry `span` fixes.
- `action::insert` avoids interfering with `vector`'s exponentional growth strategy.
- Add an experimental `shared` view for views that need container-like scratch space to do their work.
- Faster, simpler `reverse_view`.
- Rework `ranges::reference_wrapper` to avoid LWG#2993.
- Reworked `any_view`, the type-erased view wrapper.
- `equal` algorithm is `constexpr` in C++14.
- `stride_view` no longer needs an `atomic` data member.
- `const`-correct `drop_view`.
- `adjacent_filter_view` supports bidirectional iteration.
- Massive `view_adaptor` cleanup to remove the need for a `mutable` data member holding the adapted view.
- Fix `counting_iterator` post-increment bug.
- `tail_view` of an empty range is an empty range, not undefined behavior.
- Various portability fixes for gcc and clang trunk.

# Version 0.3.0

Released: June 30, 2017.

- Input views may now be move-only (from @CaseyCarter)
- Input `any_view`s are now much more efficient (from @CaseyCarter)
- Better support for systems lacking a working `<thread>` header (from @CaseyCarter)

# Version 0.2.6

Released: June 21, 2017.

- Experimental coroutines with `ranges::experimental::generator` (from @CaseyCarter)
- `ranges::optional` now behaves like `std::optional` (from @CaseyCarter)
- Extensive bug fixes with Input ranges (from @CaseyCarter)

# Version 0.2.5

Released: May 16, 2017.

- `view::chunk` works on Input ranges (from @CaseyCarter)
- `for_each_n` algorithm (from @khlebnikov)
- Portability fixes for MinGW, clang-3.6 and -3.7, and gcc-7; and cmake 3.0

# Version 0.2.4

Released: April 12, 2017.

Fix the following bug:

- `action::stable_sort` of `vector` broken on Clang 3.8.1 since ~last Xmas (ericniebler/range-v3#632).

# Version 0.2.3

Released: April 4, 2017.

Fix the following bug:

- iterators that return move-only types by value do not satisfy Readable (ericniebler/stl2#399).

# Version 0.2.2

Released: March 30, 2017.

New in this release:

- `view::linear_distribute(from,to,n)` - A view of `n` elements between `from` and `to`, distributed evenly.
- `view::indices(n)` - A view of the indices `[0,1,2...n-1]`.
- `view::closed_indices(n)` - A view of the indices `[0,1,2...n]`.

This release deprecates `view::ints(n)` as confusing to new users.

# Version 0.2.1

Released: March 22, 2017.

New in this release:

- `view::cartesian_product`
- `action::reverse`

# Version 0.2.0

Released: March 13, 2017.

Bring many interfaces into sync with the Ranges TS.

- Many interfaces are simply renamed. The following table shows the old names and the new. (All names are in the `ranges::v3` namespace.)

  Old Name | New Name
  --- | ---
  `indirect_swap` | `iter_swap`
  `indirect_move` | `iter_move`
  `iterator_value_t` | `value_type_t`
  `iterator_reference_t` | `reference_t`
  `iterator_difference_t` | `difference_type_t`
  `iterator_size_t` | `size_type_t`
  `iterator_rvalue_reference_t` | `rvalue_reference_t`
  `iterator_common_reference_t` | `iter_common_reference_t`
  `range_value_t` | `range_value_type_t`
  `range_difference_t` | `range_difference_type_t`
  `range_size_t` | `range_size_type_t`
  `range_iterator_t` | `iterator_t`
  `range_sentinel_t` | `sentinel_t`

- `common_iterator` now requires that its two types (`Iterator` and `Sentinel`) are different. Use `common_iterator_t<I, S>` to get the old behavior (i.e., if the two types are the same, it is an alias for `I`; otherwise, it is `common_iterator<I, S>`).
- The following iterator adaptors now work with iterators that return proxies from their postfix increment operator (i.e., `operator++(int)`):
  - `common_iterator`
  - `counted_iterator`

- The following customization points are now implemented per the Ranges TS spec and will no longer find the associated unconstrained overload in namespace `std::`:

  - `ranges::begin`
  - `ranges::end`
  - `ranges::size`
  - `ranges::swap`
  - `ranges::iter_swap`

  (In practice, this has very little effect but it may effect overloading in rare situations.)

- `ranges::is_swappable` now only takes one template parameter. The new `ranges::is_swappable_with<T, U>` tests whether `T` and `U` are swappable. `ranges::is_swappable<T>` is equivalent to `ranges::is_swappable_with<T &, T &>`.
- The following object concepts have changed to conform with the Ranges TS specification, and approved changes (see P0547):
  - `Destructible`
  - `Constructible`
  - `DefaultConstructible`
  - `MoveConstructible`
  - `MoveConstructible`
  - `Movable`
  - `Assignable`
- The `View` concept is no longer satisfied by reference types.
- The syntax for defining a concept has changed slightly. See iterator/concepts.hpp for examples.

# Version 0.1.1

- Small tweak to `Writable` concept to fix #537.

# Version 0.1.0

- March 8, 2017, Begin semantic versioning